Thin film transistor array panel and method for manufacturing the same

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a thin film transistor array panel comprising: an insulating substrate; a gate line formed on the insulating substrate and having a gate electrode; a gate insulating layer formed on the gate line; a semiconductor formed on the gate insulating layer and overlapping the gate electrode; diffusion barriers formed on the semiconductor and containing nitrogen; a data line crossing the gate line and having a source electrode partially contacting the diffusion barriers; a drain electrode partially contacting the diffusion barriers and facing the source electrode on the gate electrode; and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/215,067 filed on Aug. 29, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,858,982 whichclaims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No.10-2004-0077519 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Sep.24, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(a) Field of the Invention

The present description relates to a thin film transistor (TFT) arraypanel and a manufacturing method of the same.

(b) Description of the Related Art

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are one of the most widely used flatpanel displays. An LCD includes a liquid crystal (LC) layer interposedbetween two panels provided with field-generating electrodes. The LCDdisplays images by applying voltages to the field-generating electrodesto generate an electric field in the LC layer, which determinesorientations of LC molecules in the LC layer to adjust polarization ofincident light.

An LCD including two panels respectively provided with field-generatingelectrodes, wherein one panel has a plurality of pixel electrodes in amatrix and the other has a common electrode covering the entire surfaceof the panel, dominates the LCD market.

The LCD can display images by applying a different voltage to each pixelelectrode. For this purpose, thin film transistors having threeterminals to switch voltages applied to pixel electrodes are connectedto the pixel electrodes and gate lines to transmit signals forcontrolling thin film transistors, and data lines to transmit voltagesapplied to pixel electrodes are formed on a thin film transistor (TFT)array panel.

The gate lines and data lines of the TFT array panel preferably comprisea conductive material having low resistivity such as aluminum (Al) or anAl alloy to reduce signal delay. However, Al is vulnerable to a chemicalor physical attack and has a bad contact characteristic with indium tinoxide (ITO). Accordingly, the gate lines and data lines are formed tohave double or triple layers including Al or an Al alloy layer andanother metal layer having a good contact characteristic with ITO andstrong resistance to a chemical or physical attack. Molybdenum (Mo) isone of such metals having a good contact characteristic with ITO andstrong resistance to a chemical or physical attack. A Mo-containinglayer is useful in the formation of signal lines along with anAl-containing layer because the Mo-containing layer and theAl-containing layer can be simultaneously patterned by etching.

However, when data lines and drain electrodes include the Mo-containinglayer, an off current of the TFTs is increased, thereby degrading theimage quality of an LCD.

SUMMARY

It is an object of the present invention to provide a TFT array panelhaving minimal leakage current for enhancing image quality of a display.

The present invention provides a thin film transistor array panelcomprising: an insulating substrate; a gate line formed on theinsulating substrate and comprising a gate electrode; a gate insulatinglayer formed on the gate line; a semiconductor layer formed on the gateinsulating layer and overlapping the gate electrode; diffusion barriersformed on the semiconductor layer and containing nitrogen; a data linecrossing the gate line and comprising a source electrode partiallycontacting the diffusion barriers; a drain electrode partiallycontacting the diffusion barriers and facing the source electrode on thegate electrode; and a pixel electrode electrically connected to thedrain electrode.

The thin film transistor array panel may further comprise ohmic contactsdisposed between the semiconductor layer and the diffusion barriers.

The diffusion barriers may have a substantially same planar pattern asthe ohmic contacts.

The diffusion barriers may be made of a material comprising the ohmiccontact material and nitrogen.

The data line may comprise first to third conductor layers, the firstand third conductor layers comprising Mo or a Mo alloy, and the secondlayer comprising Al or an Al alloy.

The thin film transistor array panel may further comprise color filtersformed between the pixel electrode and the data line and the drainelectrode.

The thin film transistor array panel may further comprise a passivationlayer formed between the pixel electrode and the color filters.

The thin film transistor array panel may further comprise an interlayerinsulating layer formed between the color filters and the data line,drain electrode, and semiconductor layer.

The pixel electrode may have a plurality of cutouts partitioning a pixelarea into a plurality of domains.

The diffusion barriers may have a thickness between 10 Å and 100 Å.

The present invention provide a manufacturing method of a thin filmtransistor array panel comprising: forming a gate line on an insulatingsubstrate; depositing a gate insulating layer and a first a-Si layer insequence; depositing a second a-Si layer doped with a conductiveimpurity and including nitrogen on the first a-Si layer; patterning thesecond a-Si layer and the first a-Si layer to form a pre-diffusionbarrier and a semiconductor layer; forming a data line and a drainelectrode partially overlapping the pre-diffusion barrier; etching thepre-diffusion barrier exposed between the data line and the drainelectrode to form diffusion barriers; and forming a pixel electrodeelectrically connected to the drain electrode.

The method may further comprise a step of depositing a third a-Si layerdoped with a conductive impurity before depositing the second a-Silayer.

The second a-Si layer may be etched along with the first a-Si layer andthe third a-Si layer in the steps of patterning the second and the firsta-Si layers and etching the pre-diffusion barrier exposed between thedata line and the drain electrode to form ohmic contacts.

The data line and the drain electrode comprise first to third conductorlayers, the first and third conductor layers comprising Mo or a Moalloy, and the second layer comprising Al or an Al alloy.

The second a-Si layer may be deposited with the same depositionconditions as the third a-Si layer with the addition of a gas containingnitrogen.

The gas containing nitrogen may be one of N₂, NH₃, and a mixture of N₂and NH₃.

The method may further comprise a step of forming color filters beforeforming the pixel electrode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a layout view of a TFT array panel for an LCD according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 1 takenalong the line II-II;

FIGS. 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A are layout views sequentially illustrating theintermediate steps of a method of manufacturing a TFT array panel for anLCD according to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 3B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 3Ataken along the line IIIb-IIIb′;

FIG. 4B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 4Ataken along the line IVb-IVb′ in the step following the step shown inFIG. 3B;

FIG. 5B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 5Ataken along the line Vb-Vb′ in the step following the step shown in FIG.4B;

FIG. 6B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 6Ataken along the line VIb-VIb′ in the step following the step shown inFIG. 5B;

FIG. 7 is a layout view of a TFT array panel for an LCD according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 7 takenalong the line VIII-VIII′;

FIGS. 9A, 12A, and 13B are layout views of the TFT array panel shown inFIGS. 7 and 8 in intermediate steps of a manufacturing method accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 9Ataken along the line IXb-IXb′;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the TFT array panel in the step followingthe step shown in FIG. 9B;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the TFT array panel in the step followingthe step shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 12Ataken along the line XIIB-XIIB′;

FIG. 13B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 13Ataken along the line XIIIB-XIIIB′;

FIG. 14 is a layout view of a TFT array panel for an LCD according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 14taken along the line XV-XV′-XV″;

FIGS. 16A and 17A are layout views of the TFT array panel inintermediate steps of a manufacturing method according to an embodimentof the present invention;

FIG. 16B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 16Ataken along the line XVIb-XVIb′-XVIb″;

FIG. 17B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 17Ataken along the line XVIb-XVII′-XVII″;

FIG. 18 is a layout view of an LCD according to another embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 19 is a layout view of a TFT array panel of the LCD shown in FIG.18;

FIG. 20 is a layout view of an opposite panel of the LCD shown in FIG.18;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of the LCD shown in FIG. 18 taken along theline XXI-XXI′-XXI″; and

FIG. 22 is a graph showing V_(G)-Ids curves of TFTs without a diffusionbarrier and with a diffusion barrier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described morefully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichpreferred embodiments of the invention are shown. The present inventionmay, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construedas being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, theseembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough andcomplete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to thoseskilled in the art.

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, and regions areexaggerated for clarity. Like numerals refer to like elementsthroughout. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer,film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element,it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may alsobe present.

Now, TFT array panels and manufacturing methods thereof according toembodiments of this invention will be described in detail with referenceto the accompanying drawings such that those of ordinary skill in theart can easily carry out the invention.

Embodiment 1

First, a TFT array panel for an LCD according to the first embodiment ofthe present invention will be described in detail with reference toFIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 is a layout view of a TFT array panel for an LCD according to anembodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view ofthe TFT array panel shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line II-II′.

A plurality of gate lines 121 for transmitting gate signals are formedon an insulating substrate 110. The gate lines 121 are primarily formedin the horizontal direction, and partial portions thereof form aplurality of gate electrodes 124. Also, different partial portions ofthe gate lines 121 which extend in the lower direction form a pluralityof expansions 127.

The gate lines 121 comprise an Al-containing metal such as Al and an Alalloy. The gate lines 121 may include two films having differentphysical characteristics, a lower film and an upper film. The upper filmpreferably comprises an Al-containing metal such as Al and an Al alloyfor reducing signal delay or voltage drop in the gate lines 121. On theother hand, the lower film preferably comprises a material such as Cr,Mo, a Mo alloy such as MoW, Ta, and Ti, which have good physical,chemical, and electrical contact characteristics with other materialssuch as indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO). Goodexamples of a combination of the lower film material and the upper filmmaterial are a Mo and Al—Nd alloy and Mo and Al.

A gate insulating layer 140 preferably comprising silicon nitride (SiNx)is formed on the gate lines 121.

A plurality of semiconductor stripes 151 preferably comprisinghydrogenated amorphous silicon (abbreviated to “a-Si”) are formed on thegate insulating layer 140. Each semiconductor stripe 151 extendssubstantially in the longitudinal direction and is curved periodically.Each semiconductor stripe 151 has a plurality of projections 154branched out toward the gate electrodes 124. The width of eachsemiconductor stripe 151 widens near the gate lines 121 such that thesemiconductor stripe 151 covers large areas of the gate lines 121.

A plurality of ohmic contact stripes and islands 161 and 165 preferablycomprising silicide or n+ hydrogenated a-Si heavily doped with an n-typeimpurity are formed on the semiconductor stripes 151. Each ohmic contactstripe 161 has a plurality of projections, and the projections 163 andthe ohmic contact islands 165 are located in pairs on the projections154 of the semiconductor stripes 151.

A plurality of diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 are formedon the ohmic contact stripes 161 and islands 165. The diffusion barrierstripes 641 and islands 645 preferably comprise silicide or n+hydrogenated a-Si heavily doped with an n-type impurity, and theyinclude nitrogen (N₂). Accordingly, the diffusion barrier stripes 641and islands 645 comprise the same material as the ohmic contact stripes161 and islands 165 except they include N. The diffusion barrier stripes641 and islands 645 have the same planar pattern as the ohmic contactstripes 161 and islands 165.

The edge surfaces of the semiconductor stripes 151, the ohmic contacts161 and 165, and the diffusion barrier 641 and 645 are tapered toenhance adhesion with an upper layer.

A plurality of data lines 171, a plurality of drain electrodes 175, anda plurality of storage capacitor conductors 177 are formed on thediffusion barrier 641 and 645 and the gate insulating layer 140.

The data lines 171 for transmitting data voltages extend substantiallyin the longitudinal direction and intersect the gate lines 121 to definepixel areas arranged in a matrix. A plurality of branches of each dataline 171, which project toward the drain electrodes 175, form aplurality of source electrodes 173. Each pair of the source electrodes173 and the drain electrodes 175 is separated from each other andopposite each other with respect to a gate electrode 124.

A gate electrode 124, a source electrode 173, and a drain electrode 175along with a projection 154 of a semiconductor stripe 151 forms a TFThaving a channel formed in the projection 154 disposed between thesource electrode 173 and the drain electrode 175. The storage capacitorconductor 177 overlaps with the expansion 127 of the gate line 121.

The data line 171, the drain electrode 175, and the storage capacitorconductor 177 comprise first layers 171 a, 175 a, and 177 a, secondlayers 171 b, 175 b, and 177 b, and third layers 171 c, 175 c, and 177c, respectively. The first layers 171 a, 175 a, and 177 a and the thirdlayers 171 c, 175 c, and 177 c are respectively disposed at lower andupper sides of the second layers 171 b, 175 b, and 177 b. The secondlayers 171 b, 175 b, and 177 b preferably comprise an Al-containingmetal such as Al, which has low resistivity, to reduce signal delay andvoltage drop. The first layers 171 a, 175 a, and 177 a preferablycomprise a metal for preventing diffusion of Al such as Ti, Ta, Cr, Mo,and their alloys. The third layers 171 c, 175 c, and 177 c preferablycomprise a metal having good physical, chemical, and electrical contactcharacteristics with IZO or ITO, such as Ti, Ta, Cr, Mo, and theiralloys.

In the present embodiment, the first and third layers 171 a, 171 c, 175a, 175 c, 177 a, and 177 c comprise Mo, and the second layers 171 b, 175b, and 177 b comprise Al.

The diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 and the ohmic contacts161 and 165 are interposed between the semiconductor stripes 151 and thedata lines 171 and between the drain electrodes 175 and the projections154 of the semiconductor stripe 151. The diffusion barrier stripes 641and islands 645 prevent metal particles of the data lines 171 and thedrain electrodes 175 from diffusing into the semiconductor stripes 151.The diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 reduce contactresistance between the semiconductor stripes 151 and the data lines 171and between the drain electrodes 175 and the projections 154 of thesemiconductor stripe 151 along with the ohmic contacts 161 and 165.Here, the nitrogen in the diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645serves as an n-type impurity.

FIG. 22 illustrates the principle above. FIG. 22 is a graph showingV_(G)-Ids curves of TFTs without a diffusion barrier and with adiffusion barrier, where V_(G) is the gate voltage and Ids is the draincurrent.

In FIG. 22, the first line is a V_(G)-Ids curve of a conventional TFTwithout a diffusion barrier. The second line is a V_(G)-Ids curve of aTFT having a diffusion barrier which is formed by injecting 15,000 sccmof N₂ and 2,500 sccm of NH₃. The third line is a V_(G)-Ids curve of aTFT having a diffusion barrier which is formed by injecting 15,000 sccmof N₂ and 5,000 sccm of NH₃.

Here, P1 is the off voltage (Voff) of the TFTs while the LCD is notdriven. P2 is the off voltage of the TFTs while the LCD is driven. P2 iscalculated by the equation P1-Vcom. Voff of the TFTs ranges between P1and P2.

The first line is disposed at a higher position than the second and thethird lines between P1 and P2. This means that the TFTs according to anembodiment of the present invention have smaller Ids than theconventional TFT.

The diffusion barrier does not affect Ion of a TFT, which is currentwhen Von is applied to a gate electrode of the TFT.

The semiconductor stripe 151 is partially exposed at the place betweenthe source electrode 173 and the drain electrode 175 and at the otherplaces not covered with the data line 171 and the drain electrode 175.Most of the semiconductor stripe 151 is narrower than the data line 171,but the width of the semiconductor stripe 151 broadens near a placewhere the semiconductor stripe 151 and the gate line 121 meet each otherin order to prevent disconnection of the data line 171, as mentionedabove.

On the data line 171, the drain electrode 175, the storage capacitorconductor 177, and the exposed region of the semiconductor stripe 151, apassivation layer 180 is provided. The passivation layer 180 comprisesan organic material having substantial planarization and photosensitiveproperties, or an insulating material with a low dielectric constant,such as a-Si:C:O, a Si:O:F, etc. This passivation layer 180 may beformed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). To preventthe organic material of the passivation layer 180 from contacting thesemiconductor stripes 151 exposed between the data line 171 and thedrain electrode 175, the passivation layer 180 can be structured in sucha way that an insulating layer comprising SiN_(x) or SiO₂ isadditionally formed under the organic material layer.

In the passivation layer 180, a plurality of contact holes 185, 187, and182 are formed to expose the drain electrode 175, the storage capacitorconductor 177, and an end portion of the data line 171, respectively.The end portion of the data line 171 preferably has a wider width thanthe other portions of the data line 171.

A plurality of pixel electrodes 190 and a plurality of contactassistants 82, which may comprise IZO or ITO, are formed on thepassivation layer 180.

Since the pixel electrode 190 is physically and electrically connectedwith the drain electrode 175 and the storage capacitor conductor 177through the contact holes 185 and 187, respectively, the pixel electrode190 receives the data voltage from the drain electrode 175 and transmitsit to the storage capacitor conductor 177.

The pixel electrode 190 to which the data voltage is applied generatesan electric field with a common electrode (not illustrated) of theopposite panel (not illustrated) to which a common voltage is applied,so that the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer arerearranged.

Also, as mentioned above, the pixel electrode 190 and the commonelectrode form a capacitor to store and preserve the received voltageafter the TFT is turned off. This capacitor will be referred to as a“liquid crystal capacitor.” To enhance the voltage storage ability,another capacitor is provided, which is connected with the liquidcrystal capacitor in parallel and will be referred to as a “storagecapacitor.” The storage capacitor is formed at an overlapping portion ofthe pixel electrode 190 and the adjacent gate line 121, which will bereferred to as the “previous gate line.” The expansion 127 of the gateline 121 is provided to ensure the largest possible overlap area andthus to increase storage capacity of the storage capacitor. The storagecapacitor conductor 177 is connected to the pixel electrode 190 andoverlaps the expansion 127, and is provided at the bottom of thepassivation layer 180 so that the pixel electrode 190 is brought closeto the previous gate line 121.

In some embodiments, pixel electrode 190 may overlap the adjacent gateline 121 and the adjacent data line 171 to enhance the aperture ratio.

The contact assistant 82 supplements adhesion between the end portion ofthe data line 171 and external devices, such as the driving integratedcircuit, and protects them. Applying the contact assistant 82 isoptional.

A method of manufacturing a TFT array panel will be now described indetail with reference to FIGS. 3A to 6B as well as FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIGS. 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A are layout views sequentially illustrating theintermediate steps of a method of manufacturing a TFT array panel for anLCD according to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 3B is a sectionalview of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 3A taken along the lineIIIB-IIIB′. FIG. 4B is a sectional view of the TFT array panel shown inFIG. 4A taken along the line IVB-IVB′ in the step following the stepshown in FIG. 3B. FIG. 5B is a sectional view of the TFT array panelshown in FIG. 5A taken along the line VB-VB′ in the step following thestep shown in FIG. 4B. FIG. 6B is a sectional view of the TFT arraypanel shown in FIG. 6A taken along the line VIB-VIB′ in the stepfollowing the step shown in FIG. 5B.

At first, as shown in FIG. 3B, a metal layer is formed on an insulatingsubstrate 110 using a method such as sputtering and is photo-etched toform gate lines 121 having gate electrodes 124.

A gate insulating layer 140 and first to third a-Si layers 150, 160, and600 are sequentially deposited on the gate lines 121. The first a-Silayer 150 comprises intrinsic amorphous silicon. The second a-Si layer160 comprises extrinsic amorphous silicon. The third a-Si layer 600comprises extrinsic amorphous silicon containing nitrogen.

The gate insulating layer 140 preferably comprises silicon nitride witha thickness of about 2,000 Å to about 5,000 Å.

The first to third a-Si layers 150, 160, and 600 may be deposited in achamber by an in-situ method. After forming the first a-Si layer 150,the second a-Si layer 160 is formed by deposition while adding n-typeimpurities. Then, the third a-Si layer 600 is formed by deposition whileadding n-type impurities and one or both of NH₃ and N₂ gas. Here, thethickness of the third a-Si layer 600 can be controlled bydifferentiating injecting time and the power of nitrogen gas. The thirda-Si layer 600 preferably has a thickness between 10 Å to 100 Å.

The first a-Si layer 150 has a thickness of about 2,000 Å and forms achannel of a TFT. The second a-Si layer 160 has a thickness of about 500Å and reduces contact resistance between the first a-Si layer 150 and anupper conductor layer. The third a-Si layer has a thickness between 10 Åto 100 Å and prevents metal particles from diffusing from the upperconductor layer to the first a-Si layer 150.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the first to third a-Si layers arephoto-etched to form a plurality of diffusion barrier patterns 640, aplurality of extrinsic semiconductor patterns 164, and a plurality ofintrinsic semiconductor stripes 151 having projections 154.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a data conductor layer is depositedon the diffusion barrier pattern 640 by a method such as sputtering. Thedata conductor layer preferably has triple metal layers including anAl-containing layer. Mo, Al, and Mo triple layers are good example.

When the data conductor layers include a Mo-containing layer and anAl-containing layer, the Mo-containing layer and the Al-containing layercan be simultaneously patterned by an etching condition.

The triple layers are patterned to form data lines 171, drain electrodes175, and storage conductors 177 by photo-etching.

Next, portions of the diffusion barrier pattern 640 and the extrinsicsemiconductor pattern 164, which are not covered with the data lines 171and the drain electrodes 175, are removed by etching to complete aplurality of diffusion barriers 641 and 645 and ohmic contacts 161 and165 and to expose portions of the intrinsic semiconductor stripes 151.Oxygen plasma treatment may follow thereafter in order to stabilize theexposed surfaces of the semiconductor stripes 151.

By forming diffusion barriers 641 and 645, diffusion of metal particlestoward the semiconductor stripes 151 may be prevented. Accordingly,current leakage is minimized.

Since the Mo in the data lines 171 has a strong tendency to separatefrom nitrogen, which is contained in the diffusion barriers 641 and 645,Mo cannot pass the diffusion barriers 641 and 645. Accordingly, currentleakage due to permeation of Mo into the semiconductor stripes 151 maybe prevented.

Nitrogen of the diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 serves asan n-type impurity by reducing contact resistance between the data lines171 and the intrinsic semiconductor stripe 151.

Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a passivation layer 180 is deposited anddry etched along with the gate insulating layer 140 to form a pluralityof contact holes 185, 187, and 182. The gate insulating layer 140 andthe passivation layer 180 are preferably etched under an etch conditionhaving substantially the same etch ratio for both the gate insulatinglayer 140 and the passivation layer 180.

When the passivation layer comprises a photosensitive material, thecontact holes can be formed using photolithography.

Finally, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of pixel electrodes 190and a plurality of contact assistants 82 are formed by sputtering andphoto-etching an IZO layer or an ITO layer.

Embodiment 2

The data lines and the semiconductors are formed by different photoetching processes using different photo masks in the first embodiment.However, the data lines and the semiconductors may be simultaneouslyformed by a photo etching process using the same photo mask to reduceproduction costs. Such an embodiment will be described in detail withreference to the drawings.

FIG. 7 is a layout view of a TFT array panel for an LCD according toanother embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a sectional viewof the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 7 taken along the line VIII-VIII′.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, a layer structure of the present embodimentis very similar with that of the TFT array panel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.That is, gate lines 121 having gate electrodes 124 are formed on aninsulating substrate 110. A gate insulating layer 140, semiconductorstripes 151 having protrusions 154, and ohmic contacts 161 and 165 aresequentially formed on the gate lines 121. Diffusion barriers 641 and645 are formed on the ohmic contacts 161 and 165.

A plurality of data lines 171 having source electrodes 173 and aplurality of drain electrodes 175 are formed on the diffusion barriers641 and 645 and the gate insulating layer 140. A passivation layer 180is formed on the data lines 171 and the source electrodes 173. Thepassivation layer 180 has a plurality of contact holes 182 and 185. Aplurality of pixel electrodes 190 and a plurality of contact assistants82 are formed on the passivation layer 180.

However, the TFT array panel according to the present embodimentincludes a plurality of storage electrode lines 131 which are separatedfrom the gate lines 121 and are overlapped by the drain electrode 175 toform storage capacitors. The storage electrode lines 131 replace theexpansion 127 of the TFT array panel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The storage capacitors are implemented by overlapping the storage lines131 with the pixel electrodes 190. The storage electrode lines 131 aresupplied with a predetermined voltage such as the common voltage. Thestorage electrode lines 131 may be omitted if the storage capacitancegenerated by the overlapping of the gate lines 121 and the pixelelectrodes 190 is sufficient. The storage electrode lines 131 may beformed along a boundary of the pixels to enhance an aperture ratio.

The data lines 171 and the drain electrodes 173 have substantially thesame planar pattern as the diffusion barriers 641 and 645 and the ohmiccontacts 161 and 165. The semiconductor stripes 151 have substantiallythe same planar pattern as the ohmic contacts 161 and 165, except forthe protrusions 154. The semiconductor stripes have exposed portionswhich are not covered by the source electrodes 173 and the drainelectrodes 175 and are disposed therebetween.

Each data line 171 has an end portion exposed through the contact hole182 for contact with an external driving circuit. The exposed endportion of the data line 171 is coupled with the contact assistant 82through the contact hole 182. The gate lines 121 may have such endportions, when the gate lines 121 are coupled with external circuits.

A method of manufacturing the TFT array panel illustrated in FIGS. 7 and8 will be now described in detail with reference to FIGS. 9A to 13 aswell as FIGS. 7 and 8.

FIGS. 9A, 12A, and 13B are layout views of the TFT array panel shown inFIGS. 7 and 8 in intermediate steps of a manufacturing method accordingto an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9B is a sectional viewof the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 9A taken along the line IXB-IXB′.FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the TFT array panel in the step followingthe step shown in FIG. 9B. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the TFT arraypanel in the step following the step shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 12B is asectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 12A taken along theline XIIB-XIIB′. FIG. 13B is a sectional view of the TFT array panelshown in FIG. 13A taken along the line XIIIB-XIIIB′.

At first, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a metal layer is formed on aninsulating substrate 110 by a method such as sputtering, and isphoto-etched to form gate lines 121 having gate electrodes 124.

A gate insulating layer 140 and first to third a-Si layers 150, 160, and600 are sequentially deposited on the gate lines 121. The first a-Silayer 150 comprises intrinsic amorphous silicon. The second a-Si layer160 comprises extrinsic amorphous silicon. The third a-Si layer 600comprises extrinsic amorphous silicon containing nitrogen.

The gate insulating layer 140 preferably comprises silicon nitride witha thickness of about 2,000 Å to about 5,000 Å.

The first to third a-Si layers 150, 160, and 600 may be deposited in achamber by an in-situ method. After forming the first a-Si layer 150,the second a-Si layer 160 is formed by deposition while adding n-typeimpurities. Then, the third a-Si layer 600 is formed by deposition whileadding n-type impurities and one or both of NH₃ and N₂ gas.

A data conductor layer 170 is deposited on the third a-Si layer 600 by amethod such as sputtering. The data conductor layer 170 preferably hastriple metal layers including a first layer 701 comprising aMo-containing metal, a second layer 702 comprising an Al-containingmetal, and a third layer 703 comprising a Mo-containing metal.

A photoresist film is coated on the third layer 703. The photoresistfilm is exposed to light through an exposure mask (not shown), and isdeveloped such that the developed photoresist has a position-dependentthickness as shown in FIG. 10. The developed photoresist includes aplurality of first to third portions. The first portions 54 are locatedon channel areas B and the second portions 52 are located on the dataline areas A. No reference numeral is assigned to the third portionslocated on the remaining areas C since they have substantially zerothickness. Here, the thickness ratio of the first portions 54 to thesecond portions 52 is adjusted depending upon the process conditions inthe subsequent process steps. It is preferable that the thickness of thefirst portions 54 is equal to or less than half of the thickness of thesecond portions 52.

The position-dependent thickness of the photoresist is obtained byseveral techniques, for example, by providing translucent areas on theexposure mask as well as transparent areas and light blocking opaqueareas. The translucent areas may have a slit pattern, a lattice pattern,or be a thin film(s) with intermediate transmittance or intermediatethickness. When using a slit pattern, it is preferable that the width ofthe slits or the distance between the slits is smaller than theresolution of a light exposer used for the photolithography. Anotherexample is to use reflowable photoresist. In detail, once a photoresistpattern comprising a reflowable material is formed by using a normalexposure mask with only transparent areas and opaque areas, it issubjected to a reflow process to flow onto areas without thephotoresist, thereby forming thin portions.

Next, the photoresist film 52 and 54 and the underlying layers areetched such that the data lines 171, drain electrodes 175, and theunderlying layers are left on the data areas A, only the intrinsicsemiconductor layer is left on the channel areas B, and the gateinsulating layer 140 is exposed on the remaining areas C.

A method to form such a structure will now be described.

Referring to FIG. 11, the exposed portions of the first to third layers170 a, 170 b, and 170 c on the other areas C are removed to expose theunderlying portions of the third a-Si layer 600.

Next, referring to FIG. 11, the exposed portions of the third a-Si layer600 and the underlying portions of the extrinsic semiconductor layer 160and the intrinsic semiconductor layer 150 on the areas C as well as thephotoresist pattern 54 and 52 are removed by dry etching to exposesource/drain (S/D) metals 174 of the areas B.

The photoresist pattern 54 of the channel areas B may be simultaneouslyremoved by etching to remove the third to first a-Si layers 640, 160,and 150 or by separately etching each of the third to first a-Si layers640, 160, and 150. Residual photoresist of the photoresist pattern 54 inthe channel area B is removed by ashing. In this step, the semiconductorstripes 151 are completely formed.

Data conductor layer 170 may be etched by dry etching, Data conductorlayer 170 may be sequentially etched along with the third to first a-Silayers 600, 160, and 150 to simplify the manufacturing process. In thiscase, the four layers 170, 600, 160, and 150 may be sequentially etchedin a dry etching chamber, which may be referred to as an “in-situ”method.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, portions of the S/D metals 174 andthe underlying portions of the extrinsic semiconductor layer 164 on thechannel areas B are removed by etching. At this time, the exposedportions of the semiconductor 154 may be etched to have a reducedthickness and the second portion 52 of the photoresist pattern may alsobe partially removed.

Accordingly, the source electrodes 173 and the drain electrodes 175 areseparated from each other, and, simultaneously, the data lines and thediffusion barriers 641 and 645 and the ohmic contacts 163 and 165thereunder are completed.

Finally, the residual second portions 52 of the photoresist pattern lefton the data areas A are removed.

Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a passivation layer 180 isformed to cover the data lines 171, the drain electrodes 175, and theexposed portions of the semiconductor stripes 151, which are not coveredwith the data lines 171 and the drain electrodes 175. The passivationlayer 180 preferably comprises a photosensitive organic material havinga good flatness characteristic, a dielectric insulating material havinga low dielectric constant of under 4.0 such as a-Si:C:O and a-Si:O:Fformed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or aninorganic material such as silicon nitride and silicon oxide.

Next, the passivation layer 180 is photo-etched to form a plurality ofcontact holes 185 and 182. When the passivation layer 180 comprises aphotosensitive material, the contact holes 185 and 182 may be formedusing photolithography.

Finally, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a plurality of pixel electrodes 190and a plurality of contact assistants 82 are formed by sputtering andphoto-etching an IZO layer or an ITO layer. The pixel electrodes 190 andthe contact assistants 82 are respectively connected to the drainelectrodes 175 and an end of the data lines 171 through the contactholes 185 and 182.

Embodiment 3

The present embodiment illustrates a thin film transistor array panelhaving color filters.

FIG. 14 is a layout view of a TFT array panel for an LCD according toanother embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a sectional viewof the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 14 taken along the line XV-XV′.

A plurality of gate lines 121 for transmitting gate signals are formedon an insulating substrate 110. The gate lines 121 are primarily formedin the horizontal direction and partial portions thereof form aplurality of gate electrodes 124. Also, different partial portions ofthe gate lines 121 which extend in the lower direction form a pluralityof expansions 127.

A gate insulating layer 140 preferably comprising silicon nitride (SiNx)is formed on the gate lines 121.

A plurality of semiconductor stripes 151 preferably comprisinghydrogenated amorphous silicon (abbreviated to “a-Si”) is formed on thegate insulating layer 140. Each semiconductor stripe 151 extendssubstantially in the longitudinal direction and is curved periodically.Each semiconductor stripe 151 has a plurality of projections 154branching out toward the gate electrodes 124. The width of eachsemiconductor stripe 151 widens near the gate lines 121 such that thesemiconductor stripe 151 covers large areas of the gate lines 121.

A plurality of ohmic contact stripes and islands 161 and 165 preferablycomprising silicide or n+ hydrogenated a-Si heavily doped with an n-typeimpurity are formed on the semiconductor stripes 151. Each ohmic contactstripe 161 has a plurality of projections 163, and the projections 163and the ohmic contact islands 165 are located in pairs on theprojections 154 of the semiconductor stripes 151.

A plurality of diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 are formedon the ohmic contact stripes 161 and islands 165. The diffusion barrierstripes 641 and islands 645 preferably comprise silicide or n+hydrogenated a-Si heavily doped with an n-type impurity and includenitrogen (N₂). Accordingly, the diffusion barrier stripes 641 andislands 645 comprise the same material as the ohmic contact stripes 161and islands 165 with the addition of N. The diffusion barrier stripes641 and islands 645 have the same planar pattern as the ohmic contactstripes 161 and islands 165.

A plurality of data lines 171, a plurality of drain electrodes 175, anda plurality of storage capacitor conductors 177 are formed on thediffusion barrier 641 and 645 and the gate insulating layer 140.

The data lines 171 for transmitting data voltages extend substantiallyin the longitudinal direction and intersect the gate lines 121 to definepixel areas arranged in a matrix. A plurality of branches of each dataline 171, which project toward the drain electrodes 175, form aplurality of source electrodes 173. Each pair of the source electrodes173 and the drain electrodes 175 is separated from each other andopposite each other with respect to a gate electrode 124.

A gate electrode 124, a source electrode 173, and a drain electrode 175along with a projection 154 of a semiconductor stripe 151 forms a TFThaving a channel formed in the projection 154 disposed between thesource electrode 173 and the drain electrode 175. The storage capacitorconductor 177 overlaps the expansion 127 of the gate line 121.

The data line 171, the drain electrode 175, and the storage capacitorconductor 177 comprise first layers 171 a, 175 a, and 177 a, secondlayers 171 b, 175 b, and 177 b, and third layers 171 c, 175 c, and 177c, respectively. The first layers 171 a, 175 a, and 177 a and the thirdlayers 171 c, 175 c, and 177 c are respectively disposed at lower andupper sides of the second layers 171 b, 175 b, and 177 b. The secondlayers 171 b, 175 b, and 177 b preferably comprise an Al-containingmetal such as Al, which has low resistivity, to reduce signal delay andvoltage drop. The first layers 171 a, 175 a, and 177 a preferablycomprise a metal for preventing diffusion of Al such as Ti, Ta, Cr, Mo,and their alloys. The third layers 171 c, 175 c, and 177 c preferablycomprise a metal having good physical, chemical, and electrical contactcharacteristics with IZO or ITO such as Ti, Ta, Cr, Mo, and theiralloys.

In the present embodiment, the first and third layers 171 a, 171 c, 175a, 175 c, 177 a, and 177 c comprise Mo, and the second layer 171 b, 175b, and 177 b comprises Al.

The diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 and the ohmic contacts161 and 165 are interposed between the semiconductor stripes 151 and thedata lines 171 and between the drain electrodes 175 and the projections154 of the semiconductor stripe 151. The diffusion barrier stripes 641and islands 645 prevent metal particles of the data lines 171 and thedrain electrodes 175 from diffusing into the semiconductor stripes 151.The diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 reduce contactresistance between the semiconductor stripes 151 and the data lines 171and between the drain electrodes 175 and the projections 154 of thesemiconductor stripe 151 along with the ohmic contacts 161 and 165.Here, nitrogen in the diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645serves as an n-type impurity.

It is a distinguishing feature of the present embodiment that colorfilters 230R, 230G, and 230B are formed on the data line 171, the drainelectrode 175, and the storage capacitor conductor 177. The colorfilters 230R, 230G, and 230B are formed along pixel columns which arepartitioned by data lines 171. The red, green, and blue color filters230R, 230G, and 230B are shown in turn.

The color filters 230R, 230G, and 230B are not formed on the endportions of the gate lines 121 and the data lines 171, which are coupledto external circuits. Two adjacent color filters 230R, 230G, and 230Boverlap each other on the data lines 171. Accordingly, light leakagethat may arise around a pixel area is prevented by the overlapping colorfilters 230R, 230G, and 230B. All of red, green, and blue color filters230R, 230G, and 230B may be disposed on the data line 171 to overlapeach other.

A first interlayer insulating layer 801 is formed under the colorfilters 230R, 230G, and 230B to prevent pigments of the color filters230R, 230G, and 230B from permeating into the semiconductor protrusion154. A second interlayer insulating layer 802 is formed on the colorfilters 230R, 230G, and 230B to prevent pigments of the color filters230R, 230G, and 230B from permeating into a liquid crystal layer (notillustrated).

The interlayer insulating layers 801 and 802 may comprise an insulatingmaterial with a low dielectric constant such as a-Si:C:O and a-Si:O:F orSiN_(x).

As described above, when the color filters 230R, 230G, and 230B areformed on the thin film transistor array panel and overlap each other onthe data line 171, the opposite panel may have only a common electrode.Accordingly, assembly of the TFT panel and opposite panel is relativelyeasy and the aperture ratio increases.

In the second interlayer insulating layer 802, a plurality of contactholes 185, 187, and 182 are formed to expose the drain electrode 175,the storage capacitor conductor 177, and end portion of the data line171, respectively.

A plurality of pixel electrodes 190 and a plurality of contactassistants 82 comprising IZO or ITO are formed on the passivation layer180 and the second interlayer insulating layer 802.

Since the pixel electrode 190 is physically and electrically connectedwith the drain electrode 175 and the storage capacitor conductor 177through the contact holes 185 and 187, respectively, the pixel electrode190 receives the data voltage from the drain electrodes 175 andtransmits it to the storage capacitor conductor 177.

The pixel electrode 190 to which the data voltage is applied generatesan electric field with a common electrode (not illustrated) of theopposite panel (not illustrated) to which common voltage is applied, sothat the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer arerearranged.

The contact assistant 82 supplements adhesion between the end portion ofthe data line 171 and external devices such as the driving integratedcircuit, and protects the end portion of the data line 171. Applying thecontact assistant 82 is optional.

A method of manufacturing a TFT array panel will be now described indetail with reference to FIGS. 16A to 17B as well as FIGS. 14 and 15.

FIGS. 16A and 17A are layout views of the TFT array panel inintermediate steps of a manufacturing method according to an embodimentof the present invention. FIG. 16B is a sectional view of the TFT arraypanel shown in FIG. 16A taken along the line XVIB-XVIB′. FIG. 17B is asectional view of the TFT array panel shown in FIG. 17A taken along theline XVIIB-XVIIB′.

Referring to FIGS. 16A and 16B, a plurality of gate electrodes 124, agate insulating layer 140, a plurality of semiconductor stripes 151, aplurality of ohmic contact assistants 161 and 165, a plurality ofdiffusion barriers 641 and 645, and a plurality of data lines 171 anddrain electrodes 175 are sequentially formed on the gate lines 121.

Next, organic photo-resist materials respectively containing pigments ofred, green, and blue are coated and are patterned by a photo process toform a plurality of color filters 230R, 230G, and 230B in sequence.Here, a first interlayer insulating layer 801 comprising an inorganicinsulating material such as SiN_(x) or SiO₂ is formed on the data lines171 and drain electrodes 175 before forming the color filters 230R,230G, and 230B. The first interlayer insulating layer 801 preventspigments of the color filters 230R, 230G, and 230B from permeating intothe semiconductor protrusion 154. At this time, openings 235 and 237exposing the drain electrode 175 and the storage capacitor conductor 177are simultaneously formed.

Referring to FIGS. 17A and 17B, a second interlayer insulating layer 802is formed by the coating of an organic insulating film having a lowdielectric constant and a good flatness characteristic or by the PECVDof a low dielectric insulating material such as a-Si:C:O and a-Si:O:Fhaving a dielectric constant lower than about 4.0.

Thereafter, the first and second interlayer insulating layers 801 and802 are photo-etched to form a plurality of contact holes 182, 185, and187. Here, the contact holes 185 and 187 exposing the drain electrodes175 and the storage capacitor conductor 177 are formed in the openings235 and 237 of the color filters 230R, 230G, and 230B

Finally, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a plurality of pixel electrodes190 and a plurality of contact assistants 82 are formed by sputteringand photo-etching an IZO layer or an ITO layer. The pixel electrodes 190are connected to the drain electrodes 175 and the storage capacitorconductor 177 through the contact holes 185 and 187.

Embodiment 4

An LCD according to the present embodiment has domain partitioningmembers which partition a pixel into a plurality of domains where liquidcrystal molecules are aligned in predetermined directions.

FIG. 18 is a layout view of an LCD according to another embodiment ofthe present invention. FIG. 19 is a layout view of a TFT array panel ofthe LCD shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 20 is a layout view of an opposing commonelectrode panel of the LCD shown in FIG. 18. FIG. 21 is a sectional viewof the LCD shown in FIG. 18 taken along the line XXI-XXI′-XXI″.

An LCD according to this embodiment includes a TFT array panel 100, acommon electrode panel 200, and an LC layer 300 interposed between thepanels 100 and 200 and containing a plurality of LC molecules 310aligned substantially vertical to surfaces of the panels 100 and 200.

The TFT array panel 100 is now described in detail with reference toFIGS. 18, 19, and 21.

A plurality of gate lines 121 and a plurality of storage electrode lines131 are formed on an insulating substrate 110 such as transparent glass.

The gate lines 121 extend substantially in a transverse direction. Thegate lines 121 are separated from each other and transmit gate signals.Each gate line 121 includes a plurality of projections forming aplurality of gate electrodes 124.

Each storage electrode line 131 extends substantially in the transversedirection. Each storage electrode line 131 includes a plurality of setsof two longitudinal branches forming first and second storage electrodes133 a and 133 b and oblique branches forming third and fourth storageelectrodes 133 c and 133 d connected between the first storage electrode133 a and the second storage electrode 133 b. Each of the first storageelectrodes 133 a has a free end portion and a fixed end portionconnected to the storage electrode line 131. The free end portion ofeach of the first storage electrodes 133 a includes a projection. Thestorage electrode lines 131 are supplied with a predetermined voltagesuch as a common voltage, which is also applied to a common electrode270 on the common electrode panel 200 of the LCD. Each storage electrodeline 131 may include a pair of stems extending in the transversedirection.

The gate lines 121 and the storage electrode lines 131 preferablycomprise an Al-containing metal, an Ag-containing metal, a Cu-containingmetal, a Mo-containing metal, Cr, Ti, or Ta.

In addition, the lateral sides of the gate lines 121 and the storageelectrode lines 131 are inclined relative to a surface of the substrate,and the inclination angles thereof range from about 20 to 80 degrees.

A gate insulating layer 140 preferably comprising silicon nitride(SiN_(x)) is formed on the gate lines 121 and the storage electrodelines 131.

A plurality of semiconductor stripes 151 preferably comprisinghydrogenated amorphous silicon (abbreviated to “a-Si”) or polysiliconare formed on the gate insulating layer 140. Each semiconductor stripe151 extends substantially in the longitudinal direction and has aplurality of projections 154 branching out toward the gate electrodes124.

A plurality of ohmic contact stripes and islands 161 and 165 preferablycomprising silicide or n+ hydrogenated a-Si heavily doped with an n-typeimpurity such as phosphorus are formed on the semiconductor stripes 151.Each ohmic contact stripe 161 includes a plurality of projections 163,and the projections 163 and the ohmic contact islands 165 are located inpairs on the projections 154 of the semiconductor stripes 151.

A plurality of diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 are formedon the ohmic contact stripes 161 and islands 165. The diffusion barrierstripes 641 and islands 645 preferably comprise silicide or n+hydrogenated a-Si heavily doped with an n-type impurity and includenitrogen (N₂). Accordingly, the diffusion barrier stripes 641 andislands 645 comprise the same material as the ohmic contact stripes 161and islands 165, with the addition of N. The diffusion barrier stripes641 and islands 645 have the same planar pattern as the ohmic contactstripes 161 and islands 165.

The lateral sides of the semiconductor stripes 151, the ohmic contacts161 and 165, and the diffusion barriers 641 and 645 are inclinedrelative to a surface of the substrate, and the inclination anglesthereof are preferably in a range between about 30 and 80 degrees.

A plurality of data lines 171, a plurality of drain electrodes 175separated from the data lines 171, and a plurality of isolated metalregions 172 are formed on the diffusion barriers 641 and 645 and thegate insulating layer 140.

The data lines 171 for transmitting data voltages extend substantiallyin the longitudinal direction and intersect the gate lines 121 to definepixel areas arranged in a matrix. A plurality of branches of each dataline 171, which project toward the drain electrodes 175, form aplurality of source electrodes 173. Each pair of the source electrodes173 and the drain electrodes 175 is separated from each other andopposite each other with respect to a gate electrode 124.

A gate electrode 124, a source electrode 173, and a drain electrode 175along with a projection 154 of a semiconductor stripe 151 forms a TFThaving a channel formed in the projection 154 disposed between thesource electrode 173 and the drain electrode 175.

The metal regions 172 are disposed on the gate lines 121 near the endportions of the storage electrodes 133 a.

The data line 171, the drain electrode 175, and the metal regions 172comprise first layers 171 a and 175 a, second layers 171 b and 175 b,and third layers 171 c and 175 c, respectively. The first, second, andthird layers forming the metal region 172 are not shown, but aresubstantially similar to the first layers 171 a and 175 a, the secondlayers 171 b and 175 b, and the third layers 171 c and 175 c forming thedata lines 171 and the drain electrode 175. The first layers 171 a and175 a and the third layers 171 c and 175 c are respectively disposed atlower and upper sides of the second layers 171 b and 175 b. The secondlayers 171 b and 175 b preferably comprise an Al-containing metal suchas Al, which has low resistivity, to reduce signal delay and voltagedrop. The first layers 171 a and 175 a preferably comprise a metal forpreventing diffusion of Al such as Ti, Ta, Cr, Mo, and their alloys. Thethird layers 171 c and 175 c preferably comprise a metal having goodphysical, chemical, and electrical contact characteristics with IZO orITO such as Ti, Ta, Cr, Mo, and their alloys.

In the present embodiment, the first and third layers 171 a, 171 c, 175a, and 175 c comprise Mo and the second layers 171 b and 175 b compriseAl.

Like the gate lines 121 and the storage electrode lines 131, the datalines 171 and the drain electrodes 175 have tapered lateral sides, andthe inclination angles thereof range from about 30 to 80 degrees.

The diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 and the ohmic contacts161 and 165 are interposed between the semiconductor stripes 151 and thedata lines 171 and between the drain electrodes 175 and the projections154 of the semiconductor stripe 151. The diffusion barrier stripes 641and islands 645 prevent metal particles of the data lines 171 and thedrain electrodes 175 from diffusing into the semiconductor stripes 151.The diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645 reduce contactresistance between the semiconductor stripes 151 and the data lines 171and between the drain electrodes 175 and the projections 154 of thesemiconductor stripe 151 along with the ohmic contacts 161 and 165.Here, the nitrogen in the diffusion barrier stripes 641 and islands 645serves as an n-type impurity.

A passivation layer 180 is formed on the data lines 171, the drainelectrodes 175, and the exposed portions of the semiconductor stripes151. The passivation layer 180 preferably comprises a photosensitiveorganic material having a good flatness characteristic, a low dielectricinsulating material having a dielectric constant lower than 4.0 such asa-Si:C:O and a-Si:O:F formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapordeposition (PECVD), or an inorganic material such as silicon nitride.

The passivation layer 180 comprises a plurality of contact holes 182 and185 exposing the end portions of the data lines 171 and the end portionsof the drain electrodes 175, respectively. The passivation layer 180also comprises a plurality of contact holes 183 and 184 exposingportions of the storage electrode lines 131 near the fixed end portionsof the first storage electrodes 133 a and the projections of the freeend portions of the first storage electrodes 133 a, respectively. Thecontact holes 182-185 may be formed in the cross-sectional shape ofpolygon or a circle, with tapered sidewalls. Each of the contact holes182 exposing the end portions preferably has an area ranging from about0.5 mm×15μ to about 2 mm×60μ.

A plurality of pixel electrodes 190, a plurality of contact assistants82, and a plurality of overpasses 194, which preferably comprise ITO orIZO, are formed on the passivation layer 180.

The pixel electrodes 190 are physically and electrically connected tothe drain electrodes 175 through the contact holes 185 such that thepixel electrodes 190 receive the data voltages from the drain electrodes175. The pixel electrodes 190 overlap the storage electrode lines 131including the storage electrodes 133 a-133 c to form storage capacitors.

Each pixel electrode 190 is chamfered at its left corners and thechamfered edges of the pixel electrode 190 form an angle of about 45degrees with the gate lines 121.

Each pixel electrode 190 includes a center cutout 192, a lower cutout191, and an upper cutout 193, which partition the pixel electrode 190into a plurality of partitions.

The lower and the upper cutouts 191 and 193 obliquely extendapproximately from a right edge of the pixel electrode 190 approximatelyto a left edge of the pixel electrode 190 (as shown in FIG. 19). Thecenter cutout 192 divides the pixel electrode 190 into lower and upperhalves, and the lower and upper cutouts 191 and 193 are disposed in thelower and upper halves, respectively. The lower and the upper cutouts191 and 193 form an angle of about 45 degrees to the gate lines 121, andextend perpendicular to each other.

As shown in FIG. 19, the center cutout 192 includes an inlet from theright edge of the pixel electrode 190 and a pair of inclined edgessubstantially parallel to the lower cutout 191 and the upper cutout 193,respectively.

Accordingly, the lower half of the pixel electrode 190 is partitionedinto two lower partitions by the lower cutout 191, and the upper half ofthe pixel electrode 190 is partitioned into two upper partitions by theupper cutout 193. The number of partitions or the number of the cutoutsmay vary depending on design factors, such as the size of pixels, theratio of the transverse edges and the longitudinal edges of the pixelelectrodes, the type and characteristics of the liquid crystal layer300, and so on.

The contact assistants 82 are coupled to the end portions of the datalines 171 through the contact holes 182. The contact assistants 82protect the end portions and complement the adhesion between the endportions and external devices.

The overpasses 194 cross over the gate lines 121, and are coupled to theexposed portions of the storage electrode lines 131 and the exposedprojection of the fixed end portions of the first storage electrodes 133a, respectively, through the contact holes 183 and 184 opposite eachother with respect to the gate lines 121. The overpasses 194 overlap themetal regions 172, and may be electrically connected to the metalregions 172. The storage electrode lines 131 including the storageelectrodes 133 a-133 d along with the overpasses 194 and the metalregions 172 are used for repairing defects in the gate lines 121, thedata lines 171, or the TFTs. The electrical connection between the gatelines 121 and the storage electrode lines 131 for repairing the gatelines 121 is obtained by illuminating the cross points of the gate lines121 and the overpasses 194 by a laser beam to electrically connect thegate lines 121 to the overpasses 194. In this case, the metal regions172 enhance the electrical connection between the gate lines 121 and theoverpasses 194.

The description of the common electrode panel 200 follows with referenceto FIGS. 19, 20, and 21.

A light blocking member 220 is formed on an insulating substrate 210such as transparent glass. The light blocking member 220 may include aplurality of openings that expose the pixel electrodes 190, and may havesubstantially the same shape as the pixel electrodes 190. Otherwise, thelight blocking member 220 may include linear portions corresponding tothe data lines 171 and other portions corresponding to the TFTs.

A plurality of color filters 230 are formed on the substrate 210, andare disposed substantially in the areas enclosed by the light blockingmember 220. The color filters 230 may extend substantially in thelongitudinal direction opposite the pixel electrodes 190. The colorfilters 230 may represent one of the primary colors such as red, green,and blue colors.

An overcoat 250 is formed on the color filters 230.

A common electrode 270 preferably comprising a transparent conductivematerial such as ITO and IZO is formed on the overcoat 250.

The common electrode 270 has a plurality of sets of cutouts 272, 271,and 273.

A set of cutouts 272, 271, and 273 face a pixel electrode 190 andinclude a center cutout 272, a lower cutout 271, and an upper cutout273. Each of the cutouts 272, 271, and 273 is disposed between adjacentcutouts 192, 191, and 193 of the pixel electrode 190 or between a cutout191 or 193 and a chamfered edge of the pixel electrode 190. In addition,each of the cutouts 272, 271, and 273 has at least an oblique portionextending parallel to the lower cutout 191 or the upper cutout 193 ofthe pixel electrode 190. The cutouts 272, 271, and 273 substantiallyhave inversion symmetry with respect to a third storage electrode 133 c.

Each of the lower and upper cutouts 271 and 273 includes an obliqueportion extending approximately from a left edge of the pixel electrode190 approximately to a lower or upper edge of the pixel electrode 190,and transverse and longitudinal portions extending from respective endsof the oblique portion along edges of the pixel electrode 190,overlapping the edges of the pixel electrode 190, and forming obtuseangles with the oblique portion.

The center cutout 272 includes a central transverse portion extendingapproximately from the left edge of the pixel electrode 190 to thecenter of a pixel, a pair of oblique portions extending from an end ofthe central transverse portion approximately to a right edge of thepixel electrode and forming obtuse angles with the central transverseportion, and a pair of terminal longitudinal portions extending from theends of the respective oblique portions along the right edge of thepixel electrode 190, overlapping the right edge of the pixel electrode190, and forming obtuse angles with the respective oblique portions.

The number of the cutouts 272, 271, and 273 may be varied depending onthe design factors, and the light blocking member 220 may also overlapthe cutouts 272, 271, and 273 to block the light leakage through thecutouts 272, 271, and 273.

Homeotropic alignment layers 11 and 21 are coated on inner surfaces ofthe panels 100 and 200, respectively, and polarizers 12 and 22 areprovided on outer surfaces of the panels 100 and 200, respectively, suchthat their polarization axes may be crossed and one of the transmissiveaxes may be parallel to the gate lines 121. One of the polarizers may beomitted when the LCD is a reflective LCD.

The LCD may further include at least one retardation film forcompensating the retardation of the LC layer 300.

The LC molecules 310 in the LC layer 300 are aligned such that theirlong axes are vertical to the surfaces of the panels 100 and 200. Theliquid crystal layer 3 has negative dielectric anisotropy.

The cutouts 192, 191, 193, 272, 271, and 273 control the tilt directionsof the LC molecules in the LC layer 300. That is, the liquid crystalmolecules in each region called a domain are defined by adjacent cutouts192, 191, 193, 272, 271, and 273 or by the cutout 271 or 273. Thechamfered edge of the pixel electrode 190 is tilted in a directionperpendicular to the extension direction of the cutouts 192, 191, 193,272, 271, and 273. It is apparent that the domains have two long edgesextending substantially parallel to each other and forming an angle ofabout 45 degrees with the gate line 121.

The width of the cutouts 192, 191, 193, 272, 271, and 273 is preferablyin a range between about nine microns to about twelve microns.

At least one of the cutouts 192, 191, 193, 272, 271, and 273 can besubstituted with protrusions (not shown) or depressions (not shown). Theprotrusions preferably comprise an organic or inorganic material and aredisposed on or under the field-generating electrodes 190 or 270 and havea width of about five microns to about ten microns.

The distance between an edge of a cutout 192, 191, or 193 and an edge ofa cutout 272, 271, or 273 adjacent to the edge of the cutout 192, 191,or 193 and the distance between a chamfered edge of a pixel electrode190 and an edge of a cutout 272, 271, or 273 adjacent to the edge of thecutout 192, 191, or 193 are preferably in a range between about twelvemicrons to about twenty microns, more preferably between about seventeenmicrons to about nineteen microns. This range can increase the responsetime of the liquid crystal to obtain a desired transmittance whiledecreasing the aperture ratio.

The shapes and the arrangements of the cutouts 192, 191, 193, 272, 271,and 273 may be modified.

In the present invention, by forming the diffusion barriers containingnitrogen between the semiconductor and the metal layer, diffusion ofmetal particles toward the semiconductor may be prevented. Accordingly,current leakage may be minimized.

While the present invention has been described in detail with referenceto the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat various modifications and substitutions can be made thereto withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention as setforth in the appended claims.

1. A manufacturing method of a thin film transistor array panel,comprising: forming a gate line on an insulating substrate; depositing agate insulating layer and a first a-Si layer in sequence; depositing asecond a-Si layer doped with a conductive impurity on the first a-Silayer and a third a-Si layer including nitrogen on the second a-Silayer; patterning the third a-Si layer, the second a-Si layer, and thefirst a-Si layer to form a pre-diffusion barrier, pre-ohmic contacts,and a semiconductor layer, respectively; forming a data line and a drainelectrode partially overlapping the pre-diffusion barrier; etching thepre-diffusion barrier and the pre-ohmic contacts disposed between thedata line and the drain electrode to form diffusion barriers and ohmiccontacts, respectively; and forming a pixel electrode electricallyconnected to the drain electrode.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein thedata line and the drain electrode comprise first to third conductorlayers, the first and third conductor layers comprising Mo or a Moalloy, and the second layer comprising Al or an Al alloy.
 3. The methodof claim 1, wherein the third a-Si layer is deposited in a sameenvironment as the second a-Si layer except that the third a-Si layer isdeposited in an environment that includes a gas containing nitrogen. 4.The method of claim 3, wherein the gas containing nitrogen is one of N₂,NH₃, and a mixture of N₂ and NH₃.
 5. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising forming color filters before forming the pixel electrode.